Immune System Peptides

Explore immune system profiles and evidence guides by mechanism, research stage, safety context, and primary sources.

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KPV gut and inflammation guide

Separate melanocortin biology, preclinical findings, and direct human evidence.

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ARA-290 research guide

Review innate repair receptor research, neuroinflammation, and clinical evidence.

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Thymosin Alpha 1Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-amino acid immunomodulatory peptide derived from the thymus gland that enhances T-cell function, dendritic cell maturation, a…KPVKPV is a C-terminal tripeptide fragment of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone with potent anti-inflammatory properties. It is primarily researched f…LL-37LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, playing a critical role in innate immunity through direct antimicrobial activity, immunomo…Ara 290ARA-290 (cibinetide) is a synthetic 11-amino acid peptide derived from the non-hematopoietic tissue-protective region of erythropoietin that selective…Alpha-MSH (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone)Alpha-MSH is an endogenous tridecapeptide derived from POMC processing that acts as a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist, regulating pigmenta…Angiotensin-(1-7)Angiotensin-(1-7) is a bioactive heptapeptide of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) that acts as an endogenous ligand for the MAS recepto…BonomarlotBonomarlot is a complex peptide bioregulator preparation derived from bone marrow tissue, developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation a…BPC-157BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from human gastric juice that promotes wound healing, angiogenesis, and…BPC-157 / TB-500 BlendA research peptide blend combining BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound) and TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment), two tissue-repair peptides with complemen…BronchogenBronchogen is a bioregulatory tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu) with tissue-specific effects in the lungs, studied for its ability to stabilize DNA, redu…CAR PeptideCAR peptide is a cell-penetrating STAT3-inhibiting peptide with research applications in cancer, neuroinflammation, and autoimmune conditions, blockin…CerebrolysinCerebrolysin is a neuropeptide preparation derived from porcine brain proteins containing neurotrophic factors that mimic BDNF and NGF, extensively re…ChonlutenChonluten is a short tripeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Gly) that modulates gene expression related to inflammation and antioxidant activity, with prima…CJC-1295 / GHRP-2 BlendA research peptide blend combining CJC-1295 (no DAC) and GHRP-2, two growth hormone secretagogues that act on distinct receptor pathways (GHRH-R and G…CJC-1295 / GHRP-6 BlendA research peptide blend combining CJC-1295 (no DAC), a GHRH analogue, with GHRP-6, a synthetic ghrelin analogue, to synergistically elevate growth ho…CJC-1295 / Hexarelin BlendA research peptide blend combining CJC-1295 (no DAC) and Hexarelin, two growth hormone secretagogues studied for their synergistic effects on GH relea…CortagenCortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) studied for its effects on central nervous system gene expression, chromatin remod…Cortistatin (CST-14 / CST-17)Cortistatin is a somatostatin-related neuropeptide existing as 14- or 17-amino acid isoforms (CST-14, CST-17). Despite sharing 11 of 14 residues with …

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CrystagenCrystagen is a synthetic tripeptide (Thr-Glu-Gly) bioregulator from the Khavinson peptide family designed to modulate immune function by targeting thy…DSIPDSIP is a naturally occurring nonapeptide neuromodulator that promotes delta-wave sleep patterns and modulates stress responses. It interacts with mul…EpitalonEpitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) is a synthetic tetrapeptide based on the natural pineal gland peptide epithalamin, developed by Vladimir Khavinson, that ac…EpithalonEpithalon (Epitalon) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) derived from the pineal gland extract Epithalamin, studied for its ability to activ…Follistatin-315Follistatin-315 is a naturally occurring activin- and myostatin-binding glycoprotein isoform studied for its roles in muscle growth, inflammation regu…GHK-CuGHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that modulates gene expression, attenuates inflammation, improves antioxidant responses, and…GHRP-2GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue that binds the ghrelin receptor, with research applications in muscle preservation, ap…GHRP-6GHRP-6 is a synthetic ghrelin receptor agonist and growth hormone secretagogue with research applications in neuroprotection, memory, wound healing, c…Glow Blend (TB-500 / BPC-157 / GHK-Cu)A research peptide blend combining TB-500 (10mg), BPC-157 (10mg), and GHK-Cu (50mg) — three tissue-repair and anti-aging peptides with complementary m…HumaninHumanin is a 24-amino acid mitochondria-derived micro-peptide that protects cells from oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, with research ap…IcatibantA synthetic decapeptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist for the acute treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks, given by self-administered subcuta…IGF-1 LR3IGF-1 LR3 is a synthetic modified construct of insulin-like growth factor-1 with an extended half-life that enhances cell division, fat metabolism, an…ImunofanImunofan (Arg-Asp-Lys-Val-Tyr-Arg) is a synthetic hexapeptide derived from a modified thymopoietin fragment, developed in Russia as an immunomodulator…IpamorelinIpamorelin is a highly selective growth hormone secretagogue pentapeptide that binds the ghrelin receptor without affecting ACTH, prolactin, or cortis…Klow80 Blend (TB-500 / BPC-157 / GHK-Cu / KPV)An 80mg research peptide blend combining TB-500 (10mg), BPC-157 (10mg), GHK-Cu (50mg), and KPV (10mg) — integrating potent anti-inflammatory action wi…KristagenKristagen is a complex peptide bioregulator preparation derived from thymus tissue, developed to support immune function and T-cell-mediated immunity.…Leu-EnkephalinLeu-enkephalin (YGGFL) is an endogenous opioid pentapeptide and preferential delta-opioid receptor agonist involved in pain modulation, mood regulatio…LivagenLivagen is a short bioregulatory tetrapeptide that decondenses chromatin to reactivate silenced genes, with research applications in immune system rej…Met-EnkephalinMet-enkephalin (YGGFM) is an endogenous opioid pentapeptide with dual roles as a delta/mu-opioid receptor agonist and opioid growth factor (OGF), with…MF59 + Peptide VaccinesMF59 is a squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant that enhances immune responses to peptide vaccines. It is used in licensed influenza vaccines …MOTS-cMOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide composed of 16 amino acids that regulates cellular energy metabolism, promotes metabolic homeostasis, and ha…NA-Selank AmidateAn advanced, doubly stabilized derivative of the anxiolytic peptide Selank featuring both N-acetylation and C-terminal amidation, engineered for maxim…Osteopontin-Derived PeptidesOsteopontin-derived peptides, including the thrombin-cleaved SVVYGLR fragment and RGD-containing sequences, are bioactive fragments of the extracellul…OxytocinOxytocin is a 9-amino acid endogenous neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus that regulates social bonding, stress response, wound healing, and inf…PEG-MGFPEG-MGF (PEGylated Mechano-Growth Factor) is a modified form of IGF-1 that stimulates myoblast proliferation and differentiation, with research applic…Rigin (Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7)Rigin is a palmitoylated tetrapeptide fragment of immunoglobulin G that modulates interleukin-6 production and matrix metalloproteinase activity. It i…SelankSelank is a synthetic heptapeptide analogue of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian A…SemaglutideSemaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1 to regulate blood sugar, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. It i…SemaxSemax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragments 4-10 that increases BDNF and NGF levels in the brain. It i…SermorelinSermorelin is a synthetic 29-amino acid analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) used to assess and stimulate natural growth hormone secret…Sermorelin / GHRP-6 / GHRP-2 BlendA triple-peptide research blend combining Sermorelin (a GHRH analogue) with GHRP-6 and GHRP-2 (both ghrelin receptor agonists), studied for synergisti…Sermorelin / Ipamorelin BlendA research peptide blend combining Sermorelin (a GHRH analogue) and Ipamorelin (a selective ghrelin receptor agonist), studied for synergistic amplifi…SplenopentinSplenopentin (SP-5) is a spleen-derived immunomodulatory pentapeptide (Arg-Lys-Glu-Val-Tyr) structurally analogous to thymopentin (TP-5) that modulate…SS-31SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that stabilizes cardiolipin to improve ATP production and reduce reactive oxygen species,…TB-500TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4, a 43-amino acid protein involved in actin regulation, tissue repair, wound healing, and anti-inflam…ThymalinThymalin is a thymus-derived dipeptide complex (Glu-Trp) developed in Russia for immune restoration, particularly in aging populations. It modulates T…ThymogenA synthetic dipeptide bioregulator (L-glutamyl-L-tryptophan) that functions as a potent immunomodulator by stimulating T-lymphocyte differentiation an…ThymopentinThymopentin (TP-5) is a synthetic pentapeptide (Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr) corresponding to residues 32-36 of thymopoietin, the active site responsible for …ThymopoietinThymopoietin is a 49-amino acid thymic hormone discovered by Gideon Goldstein that induces T-cell differentiation and influences neuromuscular transmi…Thymosin Beta-4A 43-amino acid peptide that is the major actin-sequestering molecule in mammalian cells, playing critical roles in tissue repair, wound healing, angi…ThymulinThymulin (Zn-FTS, facteur thymique sérique) is a zinc-dependent nonapeptide secreted by thymic epithelial cells that plays a critical role in T-cell m…VilonVilon (Lys-Glu, KE dipeptide) is a synthetic dipeptide bioregulator developed by Khavinson's group at the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation …VIPVasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide with potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties, w…VladonixVladonix is a complex peptide bioregulator preparation derived from thymus gland tissue, developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation an…

Read the full category research notes

These notes map terminology and research themes. Verify claims in the linked profile references and current primary records.

Immune System Peptides

This category covers peptides researched for their immunomodulatory properties, including direct immune cell activation, anti-inflammatory signaling, and antimicrobial activity. Several peptides in this category overlap with the healing and longevity categories due to the intimate connection between immune function, tissue repair, and aging.

Complete Peptide Directory

Peptide	Description	Primary Mechanism
Thymosin Alpha-1	28-amino acid thymic peptide that enhances broad immune competence	Enhances T-cell maturation, dendritic cell function, NK cell activity
Zadaxin	Pharmaceutical-grade thymosin alpha-1 (thymalfasin) for clinical use	Same as thymosin alpha-1; approved in multiple countries for hepatitis and cancer adjunct
Imunofan	Synthetic hexapeptide immunomodulator from Russian pharmaceutical research	Modulates oxidative stress, immune cell function, and inflammatory signaling
Splenopentin	Pentapeptide derived from spleen extract with immune-enhancing activity	Enhances T-cell and B-cell proliferation; modulates cytokine production
Thymic Peptide Complex	Multi-peptide extract from thymus tissue for immune restoration	Broad T-cell activation and maturation; thymic microenvironment support
LL-37	Human cathelicidin with direct antimicrobial and immune-signaling properties	Membrane disruption; LPS neutralization; immune cell chemotaxis
Defensin Beta	Human beta-defensin antimicrobial peptide family	Innate immune defense; antimicrobial membrane disruption; immune cell recruitment
Cathelicidin (CAMP)	Precursor protein of LL-37; broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide	Antimicrobial defense; wound healing promotion; immune signaling
GV1001	Telomerase-derived peptide vaccine with immunostimulatory properties	hTERT-derived; cancer immunotherapy; telomerase-targeted immune activation

Common Research Themes

Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity: Thymosin Alpha-1 primarily enhances adaptive immunity (T-cells, dendritic cells), while LL-37, Defensin Beta, and Cathelicidin primarily modulate innate inflammatory pathways. This distinction matters for different research applications.

Immune-Aging Connection: Thymosin Alpha-1, Zadaxin, and Thymic Peptide Complex are studied specifically for reversing age-related immune decline (immunosenescence).

Antimicrobial Defense: LL-37, Defensin Beta, and Cathelicidin represent the host defense peptide arm of innate immunity, with direct pathogen-killing activity complementing their immune-modulatory functions.

Cancer Immunotherapy: GV1001 represents a distinct approach — using a telomerase-derived peptide to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses.

Getting Started

If you are new to this category, we recommend starting with Thymosin Alpha-1 — the best-characterized immunomodulatory peptide, approved in multiple countries for clinical use. From there, explore related peptides through the See Also sections on each page to build a comprehensive understanding of the research landscape.